.
23
Grain Processing
Should Apply
Key issue: value of infringer’s next-best
investment.
Equally good non-infringing alternative reduces
the competitive royalty to zero.
FIRRM (Financial Indicative Running Royalty
Model)
–
Roy J. Epstein and Alan J. Marcus, “Economic
Analysis of the Reasonable Royalty,” 85 J. Patent and
Trademark Office Society (July 2003).